Biological metal ligand systems

There are some discrepancies between the behaviours of the metal-ligand biosystems and the lifeless systems. The participation of macromolecular ligands might be considered as the most important origin of these discrepancies. The amphivalency, flexibility, adaptation to coordination configurations and the availability of the metal-binding sites determine the characteristics of the metal(1igand) exchange reactions. The metal-cell interactions have been demonstrated as another feature of metal-ligand systems in living organisms. The cells, as multiple-metal-multiple-ligand systems, response to metal ion or complex holistically. The compartmentalization of the ligands results in the localization and orientation of the reactions involved and thus shows various reaction patterns. Another factor emerging in biosystem and affecting the metal-ligand reactions is the biological medium. A special medium effect has been studied for the bile system, in which some surfactants and polyelectrolytes present and influence the ionic reactions occurring in bile.